抗癫痫药物的作用机制。

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Czapinski P, B Blaszczyk Czuczwar SJ

抗癫痫药物的作用机制。

咕咕叫医疗化学。2005;5 (1):3 - 14。doi: 10.2174 / 1568026053386962。

PubMed ID

15638774 (在PubMed

]

文摘

氨基丁酸(GABA),大脑中一个主要的抑制性神经递质,与三种类型的GABA受体——GABA (A), GABA (B)和GABA (C)。GABA (A)受体,与结合位点的苯二氮卓类,巴比妥类药物受体的形式复杂,控制氯离子通道的开放。GABA受体结合复杂时,通道被打开和氯离子进入神经元,这是最后超极化。metabotropic GABA (B)受体,导致一连串的第二信使而ionotropic GABA (C)受体的生理意义,主要位于视网膜,通常是未知的。新型抗癫痫药物作用有选择性地通过GABA-ergic系统tiagabine和氨己烯酸。前者抑制神经元和神经胶质的GABA摄取而后者增加突触抑制GABA-aminotransferase GABA浓度。加巴喷丁,设计的前体GABA容易进入大脑,增加大脑突触GABA。这种抗癫痫药物也降低钙离子的流入到神经元通过特定的压敏单元钙通道。传统抗癫痫药通常抑制钠电流(卡马西平、苯巴比妥、苯妥英、卡马西平)或提高GABA-ergic抑制(苯二氮卓类,苯巴比妥,丙戊酸钠)。乙琥胺,主要控制缺席,减少钙通过衣架式钙通道电流。 Novel antiepileptic drugs, mainly associated with an inhibition of voltage-dependent sodium channels are lamotrigine and oxcarbazepine. Since glutamate-mediated excitation is involved in the generation of seizure activity, some antiepileptics are targeting glutamatergic receptors--for instance, felbamate, phenobarbital, and topiramate. Besides, they also inhibit sodium currents. Zonisamide, apparently sharing this common mechanism, also reduces the concentration of free radicals. Novel antiepileptic drugs are better tolerated by epileptic patients and practically are devoid of important pharmacokinetic drug interactions.

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药物

奥卡西平

加巴喷丁