The metabolism of amiodarone by various CYP isoenzymes of human and rat, and the inhibitory influence of ketoconazole.

Article Details

Citation

Elsherbiny ME, El-Kadi AO, Brocks DR

The metabolism of amiodarone by various CYP isoenzymes of human and rat, and the inhibitory influence of ketoconazole.

J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2008;11(1):147-59.

PubMed ID
18445370 [View in PubMed
]
Abstract

PURPOSE: To evaluate the metabolism of amiodarone (AM) to desethylamiodarone (DEA) by selected human and rat cytochrome P450, and the inhibitory effect of ketoconazole (KTZ). METHODS: Some important CYP isoenzymes (rat CYP1A1, 1A2, 2C6, 2C11, 2D1, 2D2, and 3A1 and human CYP1A1, 1A2, 2D6 and 3A4) were spiked with various concentrations of AM to determine the relative kinetic parameters for formation of DEA in the presence and absence of various concentrations of KTZ. RESULTS: The formation of DEA was observed when AM was exposed to each of the CYP tested, although the rates were varied. Human CYP1A1 followed by 3A4 had the highest intrinsic clearance (CLint) for DEA formation whereas in rat, CYP2D1 followed by CYP2C11 had the highest CLint. Human and rat CYP1A2 seemed to have the lowest CLint. At high concentrations of AM and KTZ, near those expected in vivo, significant inhibition of all isoforms except for rat CYP1A2 was observed. At lower concentration ranges of both drugs, the inhibitory constant was determined. At these levels, KTZ was found to potently inhibit human CYP1A1 and 3A4 and rat 2D2 and 1A1. CONCLUSION: Human CYP1A1 and 3A4 and rat CYP2D1 and 2C11 were most efficient in converting AM to DEA. For DEA formation, the in vivo administration of KTZ could inhibit other CYP isoforms besides CYP3A in human and rat.

DrugBank Data that Cites this Article

Drug Enzymes
Drug Enzyme Kind Organism Ph值armacological Action Actions
Amiodarone Cytochrome P450 1A1 Protein Humans
Unknown
Substrate
Details
Amiodarone Cytochrome P450 3A4 Protein Humans
No
Substrate
Inhibitor
Details
Ketoconazole Cytochrome P450 3A4 Protein Humans
Unknown
Substrate
Inhibitor
Details